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Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 74-79 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0016-1

Abstract: The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil, space velocity, and mass ratio of water to oil on the product distribution, the yields of light olefins (light olefins including ethylene, propylene and butylene) and the composition of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgraded over the self-made catalyst GL in a confined fluidized bed reactor were investigated. The experimental results showed that FCC gasoline was obviously reformulated under appropriate reaction conditions. The olefins (olefins with C atom number above 4) content of FCC gasoline was markedly reduced, and the aromatics content and octane number were increased. The upgraded gasoline met the new standard of gasoline, and meanwhile, higher yields of light olefins were obtained. Furthermore, higher reaction temperature, higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil, higher mass ratio of water to oil, and lower space velocity were found to be beneficial to FCC gasoline reformulation and light olefins production.
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A 14-year measurement of toxic elements in atmospheric particulates in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2008

Wei NIE,Tao WANG,Aijun DING,Xuehua ZHOU,Wenxing WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 553-560 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0523-2

Abstract: The trends of the three toxic elements in East China’s air mass were consistent with those in the overall

Keywords： toxic elements     increasing trends     seasonal variations     air masses     long-distance sources    

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Influence of increasing numbers of RE-inverters on the power quality in the distribution grids: A PQ

Przemyslaw JANIK, Grzegorz KOSOBUDZKI, Harald SCHWARZ

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 155-167 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0469-3

Abstract: This paper presents the selected power quality (PQ) indicia of a wind generator and a photovoltaic installation considered to be the representative of medium voltage and low voltage distribution grids. The analysis of measured values suggests that the decrease in PQ is a case of specific combination of distributed generation, grid parameters and load behaviour. Modern generators have a limited impact on PQ. On the other hand, fluctuations in power generation are regarded as an emerging PQ indicator. The growing number of distributed renewable installations causes stochastic, variable, and hardly predictable power flows in the distribution grid. The nature of fluctuations in wind and solar generation is different. In both cases, new indexes for the quantification of fluctuations are needed and are yet not standardised. Proper assessment of these fluctuations enables definition of useful fluctuation limits and rules for optimal storage system integration.

Keywords： power quality     harmonics     sags     photovoltaic(PV) system     doubly feed induction generator (DFIG)     inverters    

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Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 277-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015081

Abstract: Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions. This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China, focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies, construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines. To develop super hybrid rice, considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield, good quality, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to stresses. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding.

Keywords： super hybrid rice     breeding strategies     yield potential    

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Catalysis of semihydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene: current trends, challenges, and outlook

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 7,   Pages 1031-1059 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2113-3

Abstract: Ethylene is an important feedstock for various industrial processes, particularly in the polymer industry. Unfortunately, during naphtha cracking to produce ethylene, there are instances of acetylene presence in the product stream, which poisons the Ziegler–Natta polymerization catalysts. Thus, appropriate process modification, optimization, and in particular, catalyst design are essential to ensure the production of highly pure ethylene that is suitable as a feedstock in polymerization reactions. Accordingly, carefully selected process parameters and the application of various catalyst systems have been optimized for this purpose. This review provides a holistic view of the recent reports on the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Previously published reviews were limited to Pd catalysts. However, effective new metal and non-metal catalysts have been explored for selective acetylene hydrogenation. Updates on this recent progress and more comprehensive computational studies that are now available for the reaction are described herein. In addition to the favored Pd catalysts, other catalyst systems including mono, bimetallic, trimetallic, and ionic catalysts are presented. The specific role(s) that each process parameter plays to achieve high acetylene conversion and ethylene selectivity is discussed. Attempts have been made to elucidate the possible catalyst deactivation mechanisms involved in the reaction. Extensive reports suggest that acetylene adsorption occurs through an active single-site mechanism rather than via dual active sites. An increase in the reaction temperature affords high acetylene conversion and ethylene selectivity to obtain reactant streams free of ethylene. Conflicting findings to this trend have reported the presence of ethylene in the feed stream. This review will serve as a useful resource of condensed information for researchers in the field of acetylene-selective hydrogenation.

Keywords： selectivity     hydrogenation     acetylene     ethylene     palladium    

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Mapping the trends and prospects of battery cathode materials based on patent landscape

Frontiers in Energy   Pages 822-832 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0900-x

Abstract: Identifying trends and prospects of cathode materials based on patent analysis is considered a kernel

Keywords： patent analysis     cathode     batteries     technology life cycle    

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Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0267-1

Abstract: It is very important to note that the extraordinarily severe environmental accidents showed an increasing

Keywords： environmental accidents     spatial and temporal trends     environmental risk    

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Study of mechanism of activating flux increasing weld penetration of AC A-TIG welding for aluminum alloy

HUANG Yong, FAN Ding, FAN Qinghua

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 442-447 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0076-9

Abstract: When multi-component flux AF305 is used as surface activating flux for an aluminum alloy, the weld pene tration of activating flux-tungsten inert-gas (A-TIG) welding is over two times more than that of conventional TIG welding. Using A-TIG welding with the modes of alternating current (AC), direct current electrode negative (DCEN) and direct current electrode positive (DCEP), respectively, the flux differently affects weld penetration when the polarity is different. After studied the effect of compelled arc con striction on weld penetration of AC welding, it is believed that the constriction of the whole arc root is not the main mechanism that flux AF305 dramatically improves weld penetration. The penetration has a relationship with the separate distribution of slag on the weld surface. Then, an observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an electronic data systems (EDS) analysis of slag were performed respectively. The separate distribution of slag on the weld pool during welding and the great constriction of arc spots were confirmed by TIG welding with helium shielding gas. The relationship between slag distribution and weld penetration was studied by adding aluminum powder into flux AF305 to change the distribution of slag. During welding, the separate distribution of slag on the weld pool results in the great constriction of arc spots, an increase in arc spot force, and an increase in Lorentz force within the arc and weld pool. Finally, the weld penetration is increased.

Keywords： A-TIG welding     surface     DCEN     electrode negative     increase    

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Emerging trends in self-healable nanomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators: A comprehensive review

Frontiers in Energy   Pages 727-750 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0896-2

Abstract: A thorough analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that make use of self-healable nanomaterials is presented in this review. These TENGs have shown promise as independent energy sources that do not require an external power source to function. TENGs are developing into a viable choice for powering numerous applications as low-power electronics technology advances. Despite having less power than conventional energy sources, TENGs do not directly compete with these. TENGs, on the other hand, provide unique opportunities for future self-powered systems and might encourage advancements in energy and sensor technologies. Examining the many approaches used to improve nanogenerators by employing materials with shape memory and self-healable characteristics is the main goal of this review. The findings of this comprehensive review provide valuable information on the advancements and possibilities of TENGs, which opens the way for further research and advancement in this field. The discussion of life cycle evaluations of TENGs provides details on how well they perform in terms of the environment and identifies potential improvement areas. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness, social acceptability, and regulatory implications of self-healing TENGs are examined, as well as their economic and societal ramifications.

Keywords： triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)     self-healable nanomaterials     self-powered devices     energy    

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Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of

RULKENS Wim

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 385-396 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0073-1

Abstract: Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover

Keywords： control     beneficial     valuable     scarcity     Development    

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020344

Abstract:

Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River basin has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency of and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the Yangtze River basin and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

 

Keywords： atmospheric deposition / ecological impacts / nitrogen sources / nutrients / Yangtze delta    

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Research Trends in Information Technology Applications in Construction Safety Engineering and Management

Mirosɬaw J. Skibniewski

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 246-259 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014034

Abstract: The underlying research topics and their related IT implementations are discussed, and research trends

Keywords： automation     international research journal     research trends     industrial safety engineering and management    

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Emergency strategies and trends in the management of liver trauma

Hongchi Jiang, Jizhou Wang

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 225-233 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0186-6

Abstract: The present review presents emergency strategies and trends in the management of liver trauma.

Keywords： liver trauma     nonoperative management     operative management    

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LAND-USE INTENSIFICATION TRENDS IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA: TOWARD SPECIALIZATION

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,

Abstract:

• Current intensification trends in the Rio de la Plata need urgent re-direction.A glance at world regions that have experienced similar trends suggests that an urgent course correction

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From Green to Sustainability—Trends in the Assessment Methods of Green Buildings

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang,Paula Williams,Jing Shi,Huojun Yang

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 114-121 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015018

Abstract: This research investigates recent developments in assessment methods of green buildings and compares the differences in rating systems among the United Kingdom, USA, and Germany. There are indications that the rating systems are moving from green buildings to sustainable buildings. In order to understand the recent research in academic areas, we survey the recent Ph.D. dissertations and literature related to green building assessment. Discussion is provided on the major research areas of green buildings, which cover accountability of life cycle cost, methodology for balancing the three pillars, and government vision and public policy.

Keywords： green     sustainability     buildings     assessment     methods     rating systems    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

Journal Article

A 14-year measurement of toxic elements in atmospheric particulates in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2008

Wei NIE,Tao WANG,Aijun DING,Xuehua ZHOU,Wenxing WANG

Journal Article

Influence of increasing numbers of RE-inverters on the power quality in the distribution grids: A PQ

Przemyslaw JANIK, Grzegorz KOSOBUDZKI, Harald SCHWARZ

Journal Article

Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

Journal Article

Catalysis of semihydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene: current trends, challenges, and outlook

Journal Article

Mapping the trends and prospects of battery cathode materials based on patent landscape

Journal Article

Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

Journal Article

Study of mechanism of activating flux increasing weld penetration of AC A-TIG welding for aluminum alloy

HUANG Yong, FAN Ding, FAN Qinghua

Journal Article

Emerging trends in self-healable nanomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators: A comprehensive review

Journal Article

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of

RULKENS Wim

Journal Article

CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

Journal Article

Research Trends in Information Technology Applications in Construction Safety Engineering and Management

Mirosɬaw J. Skibniewski

Journal Article

Emergency strategies and trends in the management of liver trauma

Hongchi Jiang, Jizhou Wang

Journal Article

LAND-USE INTENSIFICATION TRENDS IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA: TOWARD SPECIALIZATION

Journal Article

From Green to Sustainability—Trends in the Assessment Methods of Green Buildings

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang,Paula Williams,Jing Shi,Huojun Yang

Journal Article